Chemosis in the eye is swelling of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the eyelids and surface of the eye, caused by fluid accumulation. It often appears as a blister-like swelling on the white of the eye.
Understanding Chemosis
Chemosis isn't a disease itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying condition. It occurs when fluid builds up in the conjunctiva, making the eye appear puffy and swollen.
Common Causes of Chemosis
Several factors can lead to chemosis:
- Allergic Reactions: This is a common cause. The body releases histamine and other chemicals in response to an allergen, leading to inflammation and fluid leakage.
- Viral Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye): Viral infections can cause inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in chemosis.
- Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Similar to viral conjunctivitis, bacterial infections can also inflame the conjunctiva.
- Eye Irritation: Exposure to irritants like smoke, dust, or chemicals can trigger chemosis.
- Angioedema: This condition causes swelling under the skin and can affect the conjunctiva.
- Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves' Disease): In some cases, chemosis can be a symptom of this autoimmune condition.
- Eye Surgery: Chemosis can sometimes occur as a temporary side effect after eye surgery.
Symptoms Associated with Chemosis
Besides the noticeable swelling, other symptoms that may accompany chemosis include:
- Itching
- Redness
- Excessive tearing
- Blurred vision (in severe cases)
- Discomfort or pain
- Gritty sensation
Treatment Options
Treatment for chemosis depends on the underlying cause.
- Allergies: Antihistamines (oral or eye drops) are typically used to reduce the allergic reaction. Cold compresses can also provide relief.
- Infections: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are prescribed for bacterial infections. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own, but supportive care like artificial tears can help.
- Irritation: Flushing the eye with saline solution can remove irritants.
- Severe Cases: In rare, severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience chemosis, it's important to consult with an eye doctor to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment. Sudden onset of chemosis, especially if accompanied by pain or vision changes, warrants immediate medical attention.
