A hyphema is the collection of blood inside the front chamber of the eye, between the cornea (the clear front window) and the iris (the colored part of the eye).
Understanding Hyphema
A hyphema occurs when blood vessels within the iris or ciliary body (located behind the iris) rupture and bleed into the anterior chamber. The blood may partially or completely obscure vision, depending on the severity.
Causes of Hyphema
Several factors can lead to a hyphema, including:
- Eye Injury: This is the most common cause, often from blunt trauma such as being hit in the eye.
- Surgery: Eye surgery, such as cataract removal, can sometimes cause bleeding.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, like blood clotting disorders, sickle cell anemia, and some types of cancer, can increase the risk.
- Medications: Blood-thinning medications (anticoagulants) can also contribute.
- Spontaneous Hyphema: In rare cases, hyphema can occur without any apparent cause.
Symptoms of Hyphema
The most obvious symptom is visible blood in the front of the eye. Other symptoms may include:
- Eye pain
- Blurry or blocked vision
- Sensitivity to light
Diagnosis and Treatment
A hyphema is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. Treatment typically focuses on:
- Rest: Limiting physical activity to prevent re-bleeding.
- Eye Shield: Wearing an eye shield to protect the eye from further injury.
- Medications: Eye drops to reduce inflammation and pressure within the eye.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments to monitor the condition and prevent complications.
- Surgery: Rarely, surgery may be needed to remove the blood or address underlying causes.
Potential Complications
While most hyphemas resolve with proper treatment, potential complications can include:
- Glaucoma: Increased pressure inside the eye.
- Corneal Staining: Blood staining the cornea, potentially affecting vision.
- Optic Nerve Damage: Damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss.
- Re-bleeding: Another bleed into the anterior chamber.
