Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome is a rare condition affecting the eye, characterized by unilateral eye pain, blurry vision, floaters, and decreased visual acuity often associated with retinal detachment and elevated intraocular pressure. These symptoms can lead to vision loss if left untreated.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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Definition: Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome is specifically characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (glaucoma) in association with retinal detachment but without the typical angle-closure seen in other forms of glaucoma.
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Symptoms:
- Unilateral eye pain
- Blurry vision
- Floaters in the vision
- Decreased visual acuity (sharpness of vision)
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Cause: The increased intraocular pressure is believed to be caused by retinal pigment epithelial cells that have detached along with the retina. These detached cells obstruct the trabecular meshwork (the eye's drainage system), leading to increased eye pressure.
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Diagnosis: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including:
- Intraocular pressure measurement
- Gonioscopy (examination of the drainage angle)
- Dilated fundus examination (to examine the retina)
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate retinal structures.
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Treatment: The primary goals of treatment are to lower the intraocular pressure and repair the retinal detachment. Treatment options may include:
- Topical medications to lower eye pressure
- Laser surgery (e.g., laser photocoagulation or retinopexy) to repair the retinal detachment
- Surgical repair of the retinal detachment (e.g., vitrectomy, scleral buckle).
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Prognosis: With prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome can be good. However, delayed diagnosis or treatment can lead to permanent vision loss.
In summary, Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome is a rare condition linking retinal detachment with increased eye pressure, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent vision loss.
