Secondary cataract, also known as after-cataract, is the opacification of the posterior capsule of the lens that can occur months or years after cataract surgery, leading to blurred vision.
Essentially, after a cataract is removed, the natural lens capsule is left in place to support the artificial lens (intraocular lens or IOL). Over time, this capsule can become cloudy, much like looking through a dirty window. This clouding obstructs light from reaching the retina, resulting in a decline in visual clarity.
Understanding Secondary Cataract
- What Happens: The posterior capsule, the membrane behind the implanted lens, becomes cloudy. This clouding is caused by the migration and proliferation of lens epithelial cells onto the posterior capsule.
- When it Occurs: It can develop months or even years following successful cataract surgery.
- Impact on Vision: The opacification prevents light from reaching the retina properly, leading to blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing in bright light.
Treatment for Secondary Cataract
The primary treatment for secondary cataract is a quick, painless laser procedure called a posterior capsulotomy. This procedure uses a YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser to create a small opening in the clouded posterior capsule. This opening allows light to pass through clearly to the retina, restoring vision.
- Procedure: YAG laser capsulotomy.
- How it Works: A laser creates a small opening in the clouded posterior capsule.
- Results: Vision is usually restored quickly, with minimal discomfort.
Prevention
While it is impossible to guarantee that a secondary cataract will not form, advancements in IOL (intraocular lens) design and surgical techniques can help to minimize the risk.
