Several viruses can affect the eyes, causing a range of infections and conditions. Herpes viruses are a particularly common culprit.
Here's a more detailed look:
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Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): This is probably the most well-known virus in the herpes family. HSV is responsible for cold sores, but it can also cause serious eye infections, including:
- Herpes Keratitis: An infection of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This can lead to ulcers and potentially vision loss if left untreated.
- Herpes Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids).
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Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): This herpes virus causes chickenpox and shingles. When shingles affects the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, it can lead to:
- Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A painful condition that can affect the eye, causing corneal inflammation, uveitis (inflammation inside the eye), and even glaucoma.
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Adenoviruses: These viruses commonly cause respiratory infections, but they are also a frequent cause of:
- Viral Conjunctivitis (Pinkeye): A highly contagious infection that causes redness, itching, and discharge from the eye.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV): While less common in healthy individuals, CMV can cause serious eye problems, particularly in those with weakened immune systems (e.g., people with HIV/AIDS).
- CMV Retinitis: An infection of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It can cause vision loss and blindness if untreated.
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Zika Virus: This virus can cause congenital Zika syndrome when pregnant women are infected, resulting in various birth defects, including eye abnormalities in newborns.
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Enterovirus 71: This virus causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, but can also cause conjunctivitis.
It is important to consult an eye care professional if you suspect you have a viral eye infection. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications.
