The temporal nerve is the superior branch of the facial nerve. It primarily serves to control several muscles on the forehead and around the eyes.
Function of the Temporal Nerve
The temporal nerve is a motor nerve, meaning it transmits signals from the brain to muscles, causing them to contract. Specifically, it innervates:
- Frontalis muscle: This muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows and creating horizontal wrinkles on the forehead.
- Corrugator muscles: These muscles draw the eyebrows together, creating vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows (frown lines).
- Procerus muscle: Located between the eyebrows, it contributes to the downward movement of the eyebrows and wrinkling over the bridge of the nose.
- Portions of the orbicularis oculi: This muscle encircles the eye and is responsible for closing the eyelids and squinting.
Clinical Significance:
Because of its role in controlling facial expressions, injury to the temporal nerve can have noticeable effects. Damage can result in:
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Brow asymmetry: One eyebrow may appear higher or lower than the other.
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Brow ptosis: Drooping of the eyebrow, which can affect the upper eyelid.
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This condition is sometimes seen after surgery or facial trauma.
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Surgical dissections in the area should be performed carefully to prevent damaging this nerve.
Summary:
| Nerve Name | Branch of | Muscles Innervated | Consequence of Injury |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal Nerve | Facial Nerve | Frontalis, Corrugator, Procerus, Orbicularis Oculi (portions) | Brow asymmetry, Brow ptosis |
