The primary nerve directly innervating the skin of the cheek is the zygomaticofacial nerve. This nerve is a branch of the zygomatic nerve, which itself is a branch of the maxillary nerve (V2), a division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).
Breakdown of Nerves in the Cheek Region
While the zygomaticofacial nerve primarily serves the skin of the cheek, other nerves are in proximity or contribute to the function and sensation of the cheek region. It's important to distinguish between nerves directly in the cheek (i.e., providing sensory innervation to the skin) and nerves that pass through or near the cheek to innervate other structures.
-
Zygomaticofacial Nerve: As mentioned, this is the primary nerve responsible for sensation in the cheek skin. It emerges from the zygomaticofacial foramen on the zygomatic bone and supplies the skin over the prominence of the cheek.
-
Zygomaticotemporal Nerve: Another branch of the zygomatic nerve, it emerges from the zygomaticotemporal foramen and supplies the skin on the side of the forehead and anterior temporal region. While not directly in the cheek, its proximity means that loss of function to this nerve may be perceived as affecting sensation near the upper cheek.
-
Facial Nerve (CN VII): While the facial nerve primarily controls the muscles of facial expression, including those in the cheek (like the buccinator muscle), it doesn't directly provide sensory innervation to the skin of the cheek. Branches of the facial nerve that are involved in facial expression pass through the cheek.
-
Infraorbital Nerve: A branch of the maxillary nerve (V2), it emerges from the infraorbital foramen inferior to the orbit. It supplies sensation to the lower eyelid, upper lip, and the lateral aspect of the nose. Some branches extend towards the cheek, contributing to sensation in the lower cheek region.
-
Buccal Nerve: Another branch of the mandibular nerve (V3). This nerve is sensory and supplies the skin and mucosa of the cheek, as well as the gingiva adjacent to the molar teeth.
Summary
In summary, the zygomaticofacial nerve is the most direct answer to the question of what nerves are in the cheek, specifically referring to the skin on the cheek. However, the infraorbital and buccal nerve also contribute to cheek sensation, and the facial nerve controls cheek musculature.
