No, it is not haram to not fast if you are sick under certain circumstances, according to Islamic teachings.
Exceptions to Fasting in Islam
Islamic law provides exemptions from fasting during Ramadan for specific groups of people, including those who are ill. This is based on interpretations of the Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The Qur'an allows some people not to fast, including those with a terminal illness, frail or ill elderly individuals. (Reference: The Qur'an says that some people don't have to fast. This includes people with a terminal illness, and older people who are frail or ill.12-Feb-2024)
Guidelines for Sick Individuals Regarding Fasting
Here are some general guidelines regarding fasting when sick:
- Temporary Illness: If the illness is temporary and there is a reasonable expectation of recovery, the individual is usually required to make up the missed fasts later.
- Chronic Illness: If the illness is chronic or terminal, and there is no expectation of recovery, the individual may be exempt from fasting and may be required to pay fidyah (a charitable donation to feed the poor) for each day of missed fast.
- Risk of Exacerbation: If fasting would worsen the illness or delay recovery, it is generally permissible, and even recommended, not to fast.
- Doctor's Advice: It is advisable to consult with a knowledgeable and trustworthy physician to determine whether fasting is safe and appropriate, particularly if the illness is serious.
Examples of Illnesses that May Excuse Fasting
- High Fever: Significant fever can lead to dehydration and weakness, making fasting difficult and potentially harmful.
- Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes may experience dangerous fluctuations in blood sugar levels if they fast without proper management.
- Kidney Disease: Fasting can strain the kidneys, potentially worsening kidney function.
- Severe Infections: Serious infections often require medication and adequate nutrition, which may be incompatible with fasting.
Important Considerations
- Intention: The individual's intention should be sincere and based on genuine concern for their health, not simply a desire to avoid fasting.
- Repayment: If the illness is temporary, making up the missed fasts as soon as health permits is essential.
