The main female sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are primarily produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands, and, during pregnancy, the placenta. While testosterone is considered a male hormone, females also produce and need a small amount of it.
Estrogen plays a crucial role in female sexual development and reproduction, including:
- Development of female secondary sex characteristics like breasts and widening of hips.
- Regulation of the menstrual cycle.
- Supporting pregnancy.
- Maintaining bone density.
Progesterone is primarily involved in:
- Preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
- Maintaining pregnancy.
- Regulating the menstrual cycle.
Androgens, like testosterone, are also present in females, though in lower amounts. They contribute to:
- Muscle mass.
- Energy levels.
- Libido.
Hormonal imbalances can lead to various health issues, such as irregular periods, infertility, and mood swings.
