The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus, a pear-shaped organ in women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). It plays a crucial role in menstruation and pregnancy.
Key Functions of the Endometrium:
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Menstruation: The endometrium thickens each month in preparation for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization doesn't occur, this lining sheds, resulting in menstruation. This is described as the lining that you shed during your menstrual period. (Reference 1)
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Pregnancy: If fertilization occurs, the endometrium provides a nurturing environment for the fertilized egg to implant and develop into a fetus. (Reference 1)
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Uterine Structure: The uterus comprises two main layers: the myometrium (muscular outer layer) and the endometrium (inner lining). (Reference 2)
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Endometrial Hyperplasia: An abnormal thickening of the uterine lining, which can lead to heavy or abnormal bleeding. While not cancer itself, it can sometimes be a precursor to endometrial cancer. (References 4, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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Endometrial Cancer: Cancer that originates in the endometrium. Irregular vaginal bleeding is a common symptom, often leading to early detection. (References 2, 3, 9) Being overweight or obese significantly increases the risk. (Reference 9)
Composition and Layers:
The endometrium is composed of epithelial cells and a mucous membrane. It's structured in two layers: a basal layer (permanent) and a functional layer (shed during menstruation). (Reference 5)
Related Conditions:
Several conditions affect the endometrium, including:
- Endometrial hyperplasia: A thickening of the endometrium.
- Endometrial cancer: Cancer arising from the endometrium.
- Endometriosis: A condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus. (Reference 6)
In summary, the endometrium is a vital tissue within the female reproductive system, with its primary function being to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Its role in menstruation and its potential for developing abnormal conditions like hyperplasia and cancer highlight its importance in women's health.
