Fiber internet is ran using fiber optic cables that transmit data as light signals, offering significantly faster speeds and greater bandwidth compared to traditional copper cables.
Fiber Optic Cable Infrastructure
Fiber optic cables are the backbone of fiber internet. These cables are typically deployed in one of two ways:
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Underground: Cables are buried directly in the ground, offering protection from the elements and physical damage. This method is often used in new developments or areas where aerial deployment isn't feasible.
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Aerial: Cables are strung on existing utility poles, making installation quicker and less expensive than burying them. This method is common in established neighborhoods.
The Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Connection
For residential connections, Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is a common architecture. Here's how it works:
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Fiber Optic Cables from Provider: The fiber optic cable runs from the internet service provider's (ISP) central office or a local distribution hub to your neighborhood.
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Clamshell Box: A protective utility box, sometimes called a "clamshell," is connected to the fiber cable. This is usually located outside the house.
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Optical Network Terminal (ONT): A fiber cable runs from the clamshell into your home and connects to an Optical Network Terminal (ONT). The ONT converts the light signals from the fiber optic cable into electrical signals that your router and other devices can understand. The ONT might be located inside or outside your house, depending on the installation.
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Router Connection: Your router connects to the ONT via an Ethernet cable. The router then distributes the internet signal wirelessly or through wired connections to your various devices (computers, smartphones, smart TVs, etc.).
Key Components
Here's a quick recap of key components involved:
- Fiber Optic Cables: Transmit data as light signals.
- Clamshell Box (FTTH): Protects the fiber connection point outside the home.
- Optical Network Terminal (ONT): Converts light signals to electrical signals.
- Router: Distributes internet connection within your home.
In summary, fiber internet is delivered via fiber optic cables that are run either underground or aerially, ultimately connecting to an ONT in your home which then interfaces with your router.
