Fiber optic cable splicing joins two or more fiber optic cables to create a single, continuous line. This is commonly done to repair damaged cables or extend existing networks. The most prevalent method is fusion splicing, which uses a specialized machine called a fusion splicer.
Fusion Splicing: The Most Common Method
Fusion splicing is a precise process that permanently joins fiber optic cables with minimal signal loss. A fusion splicer aligns the ends of the prepared fibers and then uses an electric arc to melt and fuse them together. This creates a strong, seamless connection. The process is automated for accuracy and efficiency, resulting in a superior connection compared to mechanical splicing.
Steps involved in fusion splicing often include:
- Preparing the Fibers: Carefully stripping away the protective coatings to expose the fiber ends. The ends need to be precisely cleaved (cut) for optimal fusion.
- Aligning the Fibers: The fusion splicer uses automated mechanisms for precise alignment of the fiber cores.
- Fusion: An electric arc is applied to melt the fiber ends, bonding them together.
- Protection: The fused splice is typically protected with a heat-shrink tube or other protective casing.
Mechanical Splicing: An Alternative Method
While less common than fusion splicing, mechanical splicing provides a quicker alternative. It uses a mechanical connector to join the fiber ends. Though faster, this method can introduce more signal loss than fusion splicing.
Why Splice Fiber Optic Cables?
- Repairing Damaged Cables: Splicing is crucial for repairing severed or damaged fiber optic lines.
- Extending Networks: It allows for the seamless extension of existing fiber optic networks.
Choosing the Right Method
The choice between fusion and mechanical splicing often depends on factors like budget, required signal quality, and the urgency of the repair. Fusion splicing provides better signal quality and longevity, while mechanical splicing offers speed and simplicity.
