How Does Water Affect Film?
Water can severely damage photographic film, leading to image loss and irreversible damage. The primary concern is the separation of the film's emulsion layer from its base. The emulsion contains the photographic image; its detachment from the base renders the image unusable.
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Immersion: Submerging film in water is the most damaging scenario. It causes the emulsion to separate from the base, destroying the image. This is true even for relatively short periods. (Source: Film that has been immersed in water is in severe danger of having the base separate from the emulsion)
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High Humidity: Even high humidity can be detrimental. Moisture can affect the camera's mechanical mechanisms and contribute to the deterioration of the film. (Source: ...moisture (even high humidity) is their enemy. It can greatly affect the cameras mechanical mechanisms...)
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Water Spots: Improper washing techniques during development can leave water spots on the film. Using distilled water during development can help prevent this issue. (Source: The problem I had, which distilled should help with, is water spots.)
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Temperature: The temperature of the water used during the film washing process also matters. Extremely hot or cold water can damage the film emulsion. (Source: Too hot can damage the neg, too cold will wash insufficiently.)
Salvaging Water-Damaged Film
While fully restoring a waterlogged film is unlikely, attempts at salvage are possible. These involve carefully removing excess water by pouring and replacing the water several times. (Source: Pour out the water and pour-in fresh water a few times. We would do a water exchange/agitation cycle three or four more times during the first...) However, the success of this depends on how long the film was submerged and the extent of the damage. The images may be badly affected. (Source: You could get it developed for creative purposes but it's highly likely the pictures will be very badly affected.)
Prevention is Key
Protecting your film from water is paramount. Keep your camera and film in dry, safe places, avoiding high humidity. Film cameras are generally not water-resistant. (Source: None of the cameras you show are water resistant.)
