Fixing a broken finger that has healed incorrectly (malunion) usually requires surgical intervention to realign the bone. The specific approach depends on the type and severity of the malunion.
Understanding Malunion
Malunion refers to a fracture that has healed in a position that is not anatomically correct. This can lead to pain, stiffness, reduced range of motion, and difficulty using the hand.
Treatment Options
The primary method to correct a malunion is surgery. Here's a breakdown of what that typically involves:
-
Osteotomy: This is the core procedure. It involves surgically re-fracturing the bone at or near the original fracture site. This allows the surgeon to realign the bone into its proper position.
-
Bone Trimming (If Necessary): Depending on the specific malunion, the surgeon may need to trim small portions of bone to facilitate proper realignment. This ensures that the fractured ends fit together correctly.
-
Fixation: Once the bone is correctly aligned, it needs to be stabilized while it heals. Common fixation methods include:
- Screws: These provide strong, stable fixation and are often used for larger bone fragments.
- Plates: Plates offer broader support and are useful for complex fractures or when multiple fragments are present.
- Pins: Pins are often used for smaller fractures or to temporarily hold the bone in place.
- The choice of fixation method will depend on the nature of the fracture and the surgeon's preference.
-
Bone Graft (Potentially): In some cases, a bone graft may be necessary to fill gaps in the bone or to stimulate healing. This is more common when there is bone loss or delayed healing. The bone graft can be taken from another part of your body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft).
Rehabilitation
After surgery, a period of immobilization (usually with a splint or cast) is required to allow the bone to heal. Following immobilization, physical therapy is crucial to regain strength, range of motion, and function in the finger and hand. Your physical therapist will guide you through specific exercises and activities.
Important Considerations
- Consult a Specialist: It's essential to consult with an orthopedic surgeon or hand surgeon experienced in treating hand fractures and malunions. They can properly assess your condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.
- Imaging: X-rays and potentially other imaging studies (like CT scans) are necessary to accurately assess the malunion and plan the surgery.
- Realistic Expectations: While surgery can significantly improve the function and appearance of the finger, it's important to have realistic expectations. Complete restoration of pre-injury function may not always be possible.
