The four golden rules of first aid are fundamental principles that guide appropriate and effective response in emergency situations. They are: Preserve Life, Prevent Further Harm, Promote Recovery, and Assess the Situation.
Here's a breakdown of each rule:
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Preserve Life: This is the highest priority. Focus on immediate threats to life, such as:
- Ensuring an open airway.
- Restoring breathing (CPR if necessary).
- Controlling severe bleeding.
- Managing a casualty in cardiac arrest.
- Address any immediate danger to the life of the casualty.
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Prevent Further Harm: Once immediate life threats are addressed, prevent the situation from worsening. This includes:
- Making the area safe (e.g., removing hazards, controlling traffic).
- Protecting the casualty from the elements (e.g., providing shelter).
- Handling the casualty gently to avoid exacerbating injuries.
- Immobilizing injuries, if necessary.
- Maintaining infection control measures.
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Promote Recovery: Focus on actions that aid the casualty's recovery. These may include:
- Providing reassurance and comfort.
- Positioning the casualty appropriately.
- Keeping the casualty warm and dry.
- Administering first aid treatment for specific injuries or conditions.
- Offering pain relief where appropriate and permitted.
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Assess the Situation: Before and during providing first aid, continuously assess the situation. This involves:
- Determining the number of casualties.
- Identifying the nature of the injury or illness.
- Identifying potential hazards.
- Gathering information about what happened.
- Calling for appropriate help (e.g., emergency services).
- Continuously monitoring the casualty's condition.
These four golden rules provide a framework for prioritizing actions and ensuring the best possible outcome for the casualty. They are not necessarily sequential; the situation dictates which rule takes precedence at any given moment. Remember to act quickly, calmly, and decisively.
