The 7 steps for using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) are crucial for responding effectively to a sudden cardiac arrest. While slight variations may exist depending on the specific AED model and training protocols, the core steps remain consistent.
Here's a breakdown of those steps:
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Check for Unresponsiveness: Before anything else, determine if the person is conscious. Tap or gently shake them and shout, "Are you okay?". If there's no response, proceed to the next step.
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Call 9-1-1 (or your local emergency number) and Retrieve the AED: If you're alone, call emergency services before starting CPR, unless someone else can do it while you begin CPR. If possible, send someone to retrieve the AED while you start providing assistance. Time is critical in these situations.
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Open the Airway and Check for Breathing: Use the head-tilt/chin-lift method (unless a spinal injury is suspected). Place your hand on their forehead and gently tilt their head back. Then, place your fingers under their chin and lift to open the airway. Look, listen, and feel for breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If they are not breathing or only gasping, continue.
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Check for a Pulse: While not specifically an AED step before AED use, understanding pulse assessment is crucial for overall resuscitation. For adults, check the carotid pulse (in the neck) for no more than 10 seconds. Current guidelines emphasize initiating CPR regardless of pulse assessment by lay responders, prioritizing chest compressions. Therefore, immediately proceed with CPR if no normal breathing is present. The AED will reassess the presence of a shockable rhythm.
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Attach the AED Electrode Pads: Peel off the backing and attach the AED pads to the victim's bare chest. One pad typically goes on the upper right chest, just below the collarbone, and the other on the lower left side of the chest, below the armpit. Follow the diagrams on the AED pads themselves. Ensure the skin is dry; wipe away any sweat or water. If the person has excessive chest hair, you may need to quickly shave the area where the pads will be placed (many AED kits contain a small razor).
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Analyze the Heart Rhythm: Once the pads are attached, the AED will automatically analyze the person's heart rhythm. Make sure no one is touching the person during the analysis. The AED will advise whether or not a shock is needed. The message will say something like "Analyzing rhythm. Stand clear." or "Shock advised. Charging." or "No shock advised."
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Deliver a Shock (if advised): If the AED advises a shock, it will charge. Ensure everyone is clear of the person. Shout "Clear!" before pressing the "shock" button. After delivering the shock, the AED may prompt you to immediately begin CPR. Follow the AED’s prompts.
It's essential to remember that AED use is often combined with CPR. Continue CPR between shocks and follow the AED's voice prompts until emergency medical services arrive and take over. Proper training in CPR and AED use is strongly recommended to ensure competence and confidence in responding to a cardiac arrest emergency.
