Power in a fluid power system is transmitted through a pressurized fluid, typically oil (hydraulics) or air (pneumatics), using a closed-loop system of components.
Here's a breakdown of the power transmission process:
- Energy Conversion: The process begins with a prime mover (e.g., electric motor, internal combustion engine) that provides mechanical energy. This mechanical energy drives a pump.
- Pumping Action: The pump converts the mechanical energy from the prime mover into fluid energy by increasing the pressure of the fluid. This pressurized fluid now carries the potential for doing work.
- Fluid Confinement and Control: The pressurized fluid is contained within a network of hoses, pipes, and control valves.
- Valve Direction: Valves control the flow and direction of the pressurized fluid. They act as switches, directing the fluid to the desired actuator.
- Actuation: The pressurized fluid is directed to an actuator (e.g., hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, motor). The actuator converts the fluid energy back into mechanical energy, which is used to perform work, such as lifting, pushing, rotating, etc. For example, a hydraulic cylinder uses the pressure to extend a piston, producing linear motion and force.
- Fluid Return: After performing work, the fluid typically returns to a reservoir, where it is stored and filtered, ready to be pumped again, thus completing the closed-loop system.
In summary, a fluid power system transmits power by converting mechanical energy into fluid energy (pressure), controlling and directing that fluid energy to an actuator, and then converting the fluid energy back into mechanical energy to perform work.
