You might be experiencing Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS), also known as oral allergy syndrome, which is likely causing your allergic reactions to multiple fruits.
Understanding Pollen Food Allergy Syndrome (PFAS)
PFAS occurs because your immune system mistakenly identifies proteins in certain fruits, vegetables, and tree nuts as similar to those found in pollen. This mix-up leads to an allergic reaction, even if you aren't directly allergic to the fruit itself.
How Cross-Reactivity Works
- Pollen Proteins: When you are allergic to pollen (like birch, ragweed, or grass), your body produces specific antibodies against those proteins.
- Similar Food Proteins: Certain fruits and vegetables contain proteins that are structurally very similar to these pollen proteins.
- Immune Response: Your body recognizes these similar food proteins as a threat, triggering an allergic reaction.
Common Symptoms of PFAS
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Itching or tingling | Usually in the mouth, lips, or throat. |
| Swelling | Mild swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat may occur. |
| Sneezing | Possible, although less common than with airborne allergies. |
| Urticaria (Hives) | Rare; may appear as a skin rash. |
| Runny nose | Can sometimes occur. |
Examples of Cross-Reactive Fruits and Pollens
| Pollen Allergy | Frequently Associated Fruits |
|---|---|
| Birch | Apples, cherries, pears, plums, peaches, kiwi, almonds, hazelnuts. |
| Ragweed | Bananas, melons (cantaloupe, watermelon), zucchini. |
| Grass | Tomatoes, oranges, peaches, celery. |
What to Do
- See an Allergist: Getting a diagnosis through allergy testing can confirm if you have PFAS and identify the specific pollens and foods causing your reaction.
- Avoid Raw Foods: Cooking often denatures (changes the shape of) the proteins in fruits and vegetables, reducing the likelihood of a reaction.
- Food Diary: Keep a log of what you eat and any reactions to identify trigger foods.
- Carry an Epinephrine Auto-Injector: If you experience severe reactions, your doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen).
- Immunotherapy: In some cases, your doctor may recommend allergy shots or oral immunotherapy to reduce your sensitivity to pollen.
By understanding that your fruit allergy is likely due to cross-reactivity with pollen through PFAS, you can work with an allergist to develop a management plan.
