The tarsal bones are seven irregularly shaped bones in each foot that form the ankle and connect the lower leg to the foot. They are located proximally in the foot, near the ankle.
Anatomy of the Tarsal Bones
The seven tarsal bones are:
- Calcaneus: The heel bone, the largest of the tarsal bones.
- Talus: The ankle bone, which articulates with the tibia and fibula of the lower leg.
- Cuboid: A cube-shaped bone located on the lateral side of the foot.
- Navicular: A boat-shaped bone located on the medial side of the foot.
- Medial Cuneiform: One of three cuneiform bones, located on the medial side of the foot.
- Intermediate Cuneiform: The middle of the three cuneiform bones.
- Lateral Cuneiform: One of three cuneiform bones, located on the lateral side of the foot.
These bones work together to provide the foot with its structure and mobility, allowing for a wide range of movements. They also provide a connection between the lower extremity and the foot, accommodating various movements. (Referencing ScienceDirect Topics and TeachMeAnatomy)
The arrangement of these bones allows for the complex movement of the foot and ankle, essential for activities like walking, running, and jumping. (Referencing Britannica)
Conditions Affecting the Tarsal Bones
Several conditions can affect the tarsal bones, including:
- Tarsal coalition: An abnormal connection between two or more tarsal bones. (Referencing Boston Children's Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, and AAOS) This can often involve the talus and calcaneus or calcaneus and navicular bones.
- Tarsal tunnel syndrome: A condition caused by compression of the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel in the ankle. (Referencing Foot Health Facts)
Understanding the tarsal bones is crucial for diagnosing and treating foot and ankle injuries and conditions.
