The primary nerves in the forehead are the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves.
Forehead Innervation
These two nerves play a crucial role in providing sensation to the forehead. They are terminal branches stemming from the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve.
Supraorbital Nerve
- The supraorbital nerve is a larger branch.
- It exits the skull through the supraorbital foramen or notch located above each eye socket.
- It is responsible for providing sensation to most of the forehead, extending up into the scalp.
Supratrochlear Nerve
- The supratrochlear nerve is a smaller branch.
- It travels along the inner portion of the forehead, near the midline.
- It provides sensation to the central part of the forehead, as well as the area of the scalp located just above the nose.
Origin and Distribution
As mentioned, both nerves originate from the ophthalmic division (V1) of the trigeminal nerve. This nerve is the primary sensory nerve for the face. The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves, after originating from the trigeminal nerve, travel through bony structures of the face to reach the forehead.
| Nerve | Origin | Area of Sensation |
|---|---|---|
| Supraorbital | Ophthalmic division (V1) of trigeminal nerve | Most of the forehead, extending into the scalp |
| Supratrochlear | Ophthalmic division (V1) of trigeminal nerve | Central forehead, scalp near the nose |
Clinical Significance
These nerves are important clinically as they can be affected by various conditions. For example:
- Nerve damage following injury to the forehead.
- Nerve impingement leading to pain or numbness in the forehead.
- Conditions like migraines can cause irritation of these nerves leading to pain in the forehead.
Understanding the anatomy of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves is essential for diagnosing and treating conditions that may affect the forehead and scalp. These nerves specifically supply sensation to the forehead and scalp anterior to the coronal suture.
