The "real post-mortem" refers to the natural changes that occur in the human body after death, collectively known as post-mortem changes. These changes are a series of events that happen in a relatively orderly fashion, starting immediately after death and progressing over time.
These changes include:
- Livor mortis: Discoloration of the skin due to the pooling of blood in the lower parts of the body.
- Rigor mortis: Stiffening of the muscles due to the depletion of ATP, the energy source for muscle relaxation.
- Algor mortis: Cooling of the body to match the ambient temperature.
- Decomposition: Breakdown of the body's tissues by bacteria and enzymes.
The rate and progression of these changes are influenced by several factors, including:
- Ambient temperature: Warmer temperatures accelerate decomposition.
- Humidity: High humidity promotes bacterial growth and decomposition.
- Cause of death: Some causes of death can accelerate or delay post-mortem changes.
- Presence of insects: Insects can accelerate decomposition and contribute to the spread of bacteria.
Understanding these post-mortem changes is crucial in determining the post-mortem interval (PMI), the time elapsed since death. It helps law enforcement and forensic investigators to narrow down the time of death and establish a timeline of events.
