Masonry in foundation refers to a foundation constructed using individual units of building materials like bricks, stones, or concrete blocks, bound together with mortar. It's a durable and strong option often chosen for its load-bearing capabilities.
Components of a Masonry Foundation
A masonry foundation typically includes:
- Footing: A wider base, usually made of poured concrete, that supports the foundation wall and distributes the building's weight evenly onto the soil.
- Foundation Wall: The vertical wall built upon the footing, extending from below ground level to the base of the above-ground structure. This wall is constructed from masonry units.
- Mortar: The binding agent that holds the masonry units together. Common types include cement mortar, lime mortar, and polymer-modified mortar.
Advantages of Masonry Foundations
- Durability: Masonry materials are resistant to decay, pests, and fire.
- Strength: Masonry foundations can withstand significant loads and lateral pressure from the surrounding soil.
- Longevity: Properly constructed and maintained masonry foundations can last for many decades.
- Availability: Masonry materials are widely available and relatively easy to work with.
Common Materials Used
- Bricks: Fired clay units, often used for residential construction.
- Concrete Blocks (CMUs): Hollow or solid concrete units, providing good strength and versatility.
- Stones: Natural stones, offering a unique aesthetic and excellent durability.
Considerations for Masonry Foundations
- Waterproofing: Masonry is porous, so proper waterproofing is crucial to prevent moisture intrusion. This often involves applying a waterproof coating and installing a drainage system.
- Proper Installation: The quality of the mortar joints and the overall construction greatly affect the performance of the foundation. Experienced masons are essential.
- Soil Conditions: The type of soil surrounding the foundation can impact its stability. A geotechnical engineer should assess the soil conditions before construction.
- Cost: Masonry foundations can be more expensive than other foundation types, such as poured concrete, depending on the materials used and the labor costs.
Example Scenario
Imagine building a new home. The plans call for a full basement. The builder might choose a masonry foundation using concrete blocks. First, a concrete footing is poured. Once cured, concrete blocks are laid on top of the footing, course by course, with mortar binding them together. Waterproofing is then applied to the exterior of the wall before backfilling with soil.
