What are the different frames in framing theory?
According to Hallahan, the different frames in framing theory include valence framing, semantic framing, and story framing.
Framing theory suggests that the way information is presented, or framed, can significantly influence how people understand and interpret it. According to Hallahan, there are distinct forms of framing that shape this process.
Based on Hallahan's perspective, the three primary forms of framing identified are:
- Valence Framing: This form of framing involves presenting information in either a positive or negative light. When framing creates a positive valence, it is often associated with cherished beliefs, values, traditions, and rituals. Conversely, negative valence framing highlights unfavorable aspects.
- Semantic Framing: (Information about this type is not provided in the reference).
- Story Framing: (Information about this type is not provided in the reference).
While the reference details the nature and impact of valence framing, it names semantic and story framing as other forms without providing specific definitions or characteristics for them.
Example of Valence Framing:
- Positive Framing: Describing a new government policy by focusing on the benefits it will bring to families and communities.
- Negative Framing: Describing the same policy by emphasizing the potential taxes or regulations it might impose.
These different framing types highlight how communicators can strategically shape audience perception by selecting which aspects of a message to emphasize and how to language them.
