Lemons are green when they are still growing on the tree.
Lemons, like all citrus fruits, begin their lives as green. The green color comes from chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for photosynthesis, which is essential for the fruit's development. As the lemon matures, the chlorophyll breaks down, and other pigments, particularly anthocyanins, become more prominent. This shift in pigment causes the lemon to transition from green to its characteristic yellow color.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
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Growing Stage: While the lemon is actively growing, it remains green due to the high concentration of chlorophyll. This pigment helps the fruit absorb sunlight and convert it into energy for growth.
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Ripening Stage: As the lemon ripens, several changes occur. Chlorophyll production decreases, and existing chlorophyll degrades. Simultaneously, other pigments like carotenoids (which contribute to yellow and orange hues) become more visible. Environmental factors, such as temperature, also influence the ripening process. Cooler temperatures promote the breakdown of chlorophyll, accelerating the yellowing process.
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Lime vs. Lemon: It's worth noting the difference between lemons and limes. Limes are typically harvested when they are still green, whereas lemons are allowed to ripen on the tree until they turn yellow. Interestingly, many lime varieties will also turn yellow if left on the tree long enough, exhibiting a similar change in pigment as lemons.
In summary, lemons are green during their initial growth phase on the tree, before the ripening process causes them to turn yellow.
