White fungus, also known as oral thrush or candidiasis, is a fungal infection that can affect humans, typically starting on the tongue or in the private parts, and potentially spreading to other tissues.
Understanding White Fungus (Candidiasis)
White fungus is primarily caused by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. While Candida is naturally present in the human body (mouth, gut, skin), it can become problematic when the immune system is weakened or the body's natural microbial balance is disrupted.
Symptoms
The symptoms of white fungus infection vary depending on the affected area:
- Oral Thrush: White, creamy lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, and sometimes the roof of the mouth. These lesions may be painful and can bleed when scraped. Difficulty swallowing or a cottony feeling in the mouth are also common. The tongue may appear white.
- Genital Candidiasis: In women, this presents as vaginal itching, soreness, redness, and a white, cottage cheese-like discharge. In men, it can cause itching, redness, and a white discharge on the penis.
- Invasive Candidiasis: In severe cases, the infection can spread to the esophagus (food pipe), lungs, brain, and other organs. Symptoms will vary depending on the organ affected and can include fever, chills, and organ dysfunction.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing a white fungus infection:
- Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment (chemotherapy/radiation), and organ transplantation suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible.
- Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics kill beneficial bacteria in the body, disrupting the natural microbial balance and allowing Candida to overgrow.
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels create a favorable environment for Candida growth.
- Poor Hygiene: Inadequate oral or genital hygiene can contribute to Candida overgrowth.
- Certain Medications: Inhaled corticosteroids (used for asthma) can increase the risk of oral thrush.
- Contaminated objects: Contact with surfaces or water sources that contain infectious moulds could potentially lead to infection.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the affected area and, in some cases, a microscopic examination of a sample taken from the lesions.
Treatment options depend on the severity and location of the infection:
- Mild Infections (Oral or Genital): Antifungal creams, ointments, or mouthwashes are usually effective. Examples include nystatin, clotrimazole, and miconazole.
- Severe or Invasive Infections: Oral or intravenous antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, itraconazole, or amphotericin B, may be required.
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Maintaining good oral and personal hygiene.
- Rinsing your mouth after using inhaled corticosteroids.
- Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes.
- Consuming a balanced diet and avoiding excessive sugar intake.
- Taking probiotics to promote a healthy gut microbiome.
In summary, white fungus in humans is a fungal infection typically caused by Candida overgrowth, manifesting in various forms depending on the affected area. While usually treatable with antifungal medications, it can become serious in individuals with weakened immune systems.
