The primary methods for removing swallowed hair (trichobezoar) from the stomach involve either surgical intervention or endoscopic removal, especially if the hair mass is large.
Methods for Removing Hair from the Stomach
There are two primary approaches to removing swallowed hair that has accumulated in the stomach:
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Surgical Removal:
- When It's Necessary: Surgical removal is typically required for large trichobezoars (hairballs) that cannot be broken down or removed endoscopically. The size and density of the hair mass often dictate the need for surgery.
- Procedure: The surgeon will make an incision in the abdomen to access the stomach and then remove the hairball.
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Endoscopic Removal:
- When It's Possible: Smaller trichobezoars, or those that can be broken into smaller pieces, can sometimes be removed endoscopically.
- Procedure: A thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth and into the stomach. The doctor can then visualize the hairball and use instruments passed through the endoscope to break it apart and remove it piece by piece. This procedure is similar to an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy).
Additional Considerations
- Enzyme Treatment: Some studies have explored the use of enzymes to help dissolve or break down trichobezoars, but this is not a common or reliably effective treatment.
- Prevention is Key: Addressing the underlying cause of the hair-swallowing behavior (trichophagia) is crucial to prevent recurrence. This may involve therapy or behavioral interventions.
It is essential to consult with a doctor for diagnosis and treatment recommendations, as the best course of action will depend on the size and characteristics of the hairball.
