The ileum is the final and longest section of your small intestine. It plays a crucial role in the digestive process, connecting to the cecum (the beginning of the large intestine) via the ileocecal valve.
Key Functions of the Ileum:
- Nutrient Absorption: The ileum is primarily responsible for absorbing vitamin B12 and other remaining nutrients that weren't absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum (the previous sections of the small intestine). Britannica
- Waste Transport: It moves food waste towards the large intestine for further processing and elimination. Cleveland Clinic
- Length and pH: In humans, the ileum measures approximately 2-4 meters in length, and it maintains a specific pH level to optimize its digestive functions. Wikipedia
Clinical Significance:
The ileum's importance extends beyond its digestive role. It's frequently utilized in surgical procedures:
- Ileal Conduit: A common urinary diversion technique where a section of the ileum is used to create a new pathway for urine to exit the body. This is often performed after bladder removal due to cancer. Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network and StatPearls
- J-Pouch Surgery: In this procedure, a portion of the ileum is surgically reshaped to create a pouch that acts as a reservoir for stool, replacing the function of the rectum and colon. Cleveland Clinic
It's important to note that ileus is a different concept entirely. Ileus refers to a paralysis of the intestinal muscles, resulting in a blockage of intestinal contents. This is distinct from a physical obstruction. WebMD and Healthline
