What is the Gaze Test?
The gaze test assesses a patient's ability to maintain a steady gaze on an object, held at various angles, without involuntary eye movements (like nystagmus or square wave jerks). An inability to hold a steady gaze suggests a problem within the central or peripheral vestibular system.
Several types of gaze tests exist, each serving a slightly different purpose:
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The 8-Cardinal Gaze Test: This ocular motility exam evaluates the overall health and function of the eye muscles. It's a crucial assessment for identifying issues impacting eye movement and coordination. (360 Neuro Health)
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Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Test: This is a field sobriety test used in DUI investigations. Law enforcement observes the subject's eye movements as they follow an object horizontally. The presence of nystagmus (involuntary eye jerking) can be an indicator of alcohol intoxication. (FindLaw, Los Angeles Criminal Lawyer, National College for DUI Defense, NDAA)
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Gaze Stability Test: This assesses the ability to maintain gaze while moving the head. It's a routine part of dizziness exams and helps diagnose vestibular disorders. (Physio Tutors, Interacoustics)
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Fixation Tests: These evaluate the adequacy of gaze holding, with impaired gaze holding potentially indicating a neurological issue. (Dizziness and Balance)
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Standardized Gaze Stabilization Test: This test assesses vestibular function, particularly in older adults. (NCBI)
Interpreting Gaze Test Results
The interpretation depends on the specific type of gaze test administered. Generally, the inability to maintain a steady gaze, the presence of nystagmus, or other abnormal eye movements can indicate:
- Vestibular system disorders: affecting balance and coordination.
- Neurological conditions: impacting brain function and eye control.
- Intoxication: specifically alcohol, as used in the HGN test.
