Hijra are male-bodied people in South Asia who identify as female and, often, undergo castration as part of their identity and devotion. This practice is linked to achieving spiritual power.
While the term "hijra" is complex and culturally specific, it generally refers to:
- Gender Identity: Individuals assigned male at birth who identify as female or as a third gender.
- Social Role: Hijras often form distinct communities with their own customs and traditions. They may earn a living through performing at ceremonies, begging, or other means.
- Religious Significance: Hijras are often associated with the Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata, and castration (nirvana) is sometimes performed as an offering to her in exchange for spiritual power or blessings. This practice is not universally followed among hijras, and beliefs vary.
- Surgical Alteration: While not all hijras undergo castration, it is a significant ritual for some, symbolizing the renunciation of their male identity. This surgical removal of male genitalia is often done to fulfill their devotion to a deity, mostly Bahuchara Mata.
Key Aspects Summarized:
| Aspect | Description |
|---|---|
| Gender Identity | Male-bodied individuals identifying as female or third gender |
| Social Structure | Distinct communities with unique customs |
| Religious Role | Associated with deities; castration as a spiritual offering (not universal) |
| Physical Change | Optional castration (nirvana) to remove male genitalia and symbolize devotion |
It's important to acknowledge that the term "hijra" encompasses a diverse group of people with varying experiences and beliefs. Generalizations should be avoided, and respect for individual identities is paramount. The process of becoming a hijra can be complex, often involving initiation rites and integration into a hijra community. Furthermore, the legal recognition and social acceptance of hijras vary across different regions and countries in South Asia.
