Copper disease, more accurately referred to as Wilson disease, is a rare inherited disorder where the body cannot properly remove excess copper. This leads to a buildup of copper, primarily in the liver, which then damages various organs, including the brain and eyes. The buildup of copper is a result of a genetic defect.
Understanding Wilson Disease
Here’s a detailed breakdown of Wilson disease:
The Problem: Copper Accumulation
- Normal Copper Processing: Normally, your body uses copper for various functions and excretes any excess.
- Wilson Disease: In Wilson disease, the body loses its ability to effectively process copper, leading to its accumulation. The gene involved in copper processing does not work properly.
- Liver Damage: The liver becomes the primary site for copper buildup, causing damage and potentially leading to liver failure.
- Other Organ Damage: Copper collects in other organs as well including the brain and eyes.
Impact on Organs
Here is how the build up of copper can impact organs:
| Organ | Impact |
|---|---|
| Liver | Damage, inflammation, cirrhosis, and liver failure |
| Brain | Neurological issues, such as tremors, difficulty speaking, and personality changes |
| Eyes | Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper deposits visible in the cornea) |
Symptoms of Wilson Disease
Symptoms can vary widely and may include:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Fatigue
- Abdominal swelling
- Muscle stiffness or tremors
- Speech and swallowing problems
- Personality changes or mood swings
- Kayser-Fleischer rings (brownish rings around the iris of the eye)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to manage Wilson disease and prevent long-term complications. The main goal of treatment is to remove excess copper from the body and prevent its accumulation. This can involve medications or other therapies.
- Medications: Medications, like chelating agents, bind to copper and help the body to remove it via urine.
- Lifestyle changes: Dietary modifications may be necessary.
Genetic Disorder
Wilson disease is inherited. This means that the gene defect that causes it is passed down from parents to their children.
