A common genetic disorder is a condition caused by changes (mutations) in an individual's DNA that are relatively frequent within a population. Many common genetic disorders fall under the category of single-gene disorders, which result from a mutation in just one gene.
Genetic disorders are conditions caused by alterations in an individual's genetic material (DNA). These changes can involve a single gene, multiple genes, or larger segments of chromosomes. Genetic disorders can be inherited from parents or acquired through new mutations.
Focusing on Common Single-Gene Disorders
A significant portion of commonly encountered genetic conditions are single-gene disorders. These occur when a specific gene has a mutation that affects its function. The reference provides several well-known examples of such common single-gene disorders.
Common Examples (Reference-Based)
According to the provided reference, common examples of single-gene disorders include:
- Cystic fibrosis (CF)
- Sickle cell disease
- Huntington's disease
- Familial hypercholesterolemia
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Phenylketonuria
- Hereditary hemochromatosis
These disorders are caused by mutations in specific, individual genes and represent some of the more frequently diagnosed genetic conditions.
Key Characteristics
Single-gene disorders like those listed can be inherited in different patterns, such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. The effects of these disorders can vary widely, impacting different organs and systems in the body with varying degrees of severity.
