Genetic disorders in children are primarily caused by inherited gene mutations or new mutations within the child's DNA. According to information provided, you receive half your genes from each biological parent and may inherit a gene mutation from one or both parents. Sometimes, genes change due to issues within the DNA (mutations), which can raise your risk of having a genetic disorder.
Understanding Genetic Disorders
Genetic disorders stem from abnormalities in an individual's genetic material (DNA). These abnormalities can manifest in various ways, leading to a wide range of health conditions.
Inheritance of Gene Mutations
One of the main ways children develop genetic disorders is through the inheritance of mutated genes from their parents. Here's a breakdown:
- From one parent: If only one parent carries a dominant mutated gene, there is a chance the child will inherit that gene and develop the disorder.
- From both parents: If both parents carry a recessive mutated gene, the child must inherit both copies of the gene to develop the disorder. If the child only inherits one copy, they become a carrier but typically do not show symptoms.
New DNA Mutations
Sometimes, a child can develop a genetic disorder even if neither parent carries the mutated gene. In these cases, a new mutation has occurred in the child's DNA. These mutations can happen spontaneously.
Types of Genetic Disorders
Genetic disorders can be categorized based on various factors. Here are a few common types:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Single-gene disorders | Caused by mutations in one gene. Examples include cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia. |
| Chromosomal disorders | Result from changes in the number or structure of chromosomes. Example: Down syndrome. |
| Multifactorial disorders | Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Examples include heart disease. |
When Symptoms Appear
- At birth: Some genetic disorders cause symptoms that are immediately apparent at birth.
- Over time: Other genetic disorders may not manifest symptoms until later in childhood or even adulthood.
