Several disorders are genetic in nature. These conditions arise from alterations or mutations in an individual's genes or chromosomes.
Common Genetic Disorders
Based on the reference provided, the following are examples of genetic disorders:
- Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21): This condition results from having an extra copy of chromosome 21.
- Fragile X Syndrome: This disorder is caused by a mutation on the FMR1 gene, which is located on the X chromosome.
- Klinefelter Syndrome: This syndrome affects males and occurs when they have an extra X chromosome, leading to an XXY chromosome pattern instead of XY.
What Makes a Disorder Genetic?
Genetic disorders are caused by inherited or spontaneously occurring changes in an individual's DNA. These changes can affect single genes (as in Fragile X Syndrome), multiple genes, or entire chromosomes (as seen in Down syndrome).
Table of Genetic Disorders
| Disorder | Genetic Cause | Chromosome Affected |
|---|---|---|
| Down Syndrome | Extra copy of chromosome 21 | Chromosome 21 |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Mutation in the FMR1 gene | X chromosome |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | Extra X chromosome (XXY) | Sex chromosomes (X,Y) |
Implications of Genetic Disorders
- Inheritance: Many genetic disorders can be passed down from parents to their children.
- Diagnosis: Diagnosis often involves genetic testing.
- Management: Management varies depending on the specific disorder but may include therapies, medications, and supportive care.
