Accessing genetic testing depends on your needs and the type of test required. There are two primary avenues: through your healthcare provider for medically necessary tests, or directly from consumer companies for ancestry or other personal insights.
Obtaining Genetic Testing Through Your Healthcare Provider
Most clinical genetic tests are ordered by a doctor or genetic counselor for specific medical reasons. This approach ensures the results are interpreted correctly within a medical context and guides appropriate follow-up care. Your doctor will determine the appropriate test based on your medical history, symptoms, and family history. The process typically involves:
- Consultation: Discussing your concerns with your doctor or a specialist.
- Test Ordering: Your doctor orders the specific genetic test deemed necessary.
- Sample Collection: A sample is collected (blood, saliva, tissue, etc.), usually at a clinic or lab.
- Analysis and Results: The lab analyzes the sample, and your doctor reviews and explains the results with you.
This is a medically supervised approach which is crucial for accurate interpretation and appropriate follow up. The CDC emphasizes that genetic testing identifies genetic changes, sometimes called mutations or variants, in your DNA that can cause disease or other health issues. (https://www.cdc.gov/genomics-and-health/about/genetic-testing.html)
Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Genetic Testing
Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests are available online or in stores. These tests typically focus on ancestry, traits, or carrier status for certain conditions. These tests do not require a doctor's order. Examples include companies like 23andMe (https://www.23andme.com/). It's important to note that the accuracy and interpretation of results from DTC tests should be carefully considered, and they shouldn't replace medical advice. Always be aware of potential scams (https://oig.hhs.gov/fraud/consumer-alerts/fraud-alert-genetic-testing-scam/) promising "free" tests in order to obtain personal information.
Several types of genetic tests exist, including molecular tests (analyzing specific genes) and chromosomal tests (analyzing whole chromosomes). (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/types/) The method of testing involves using a variety of samples such as blood, hair, skin, amniotic fluid or other tissue. (https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/testing/procedure/)
Remember, genetic testing is a powerful tool, but its interpretation requires medical expertise. For medically relevant questions, always consult a healthcare professional.
