The main cause of albinism in people is a genetic mutation.
Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This deficiency stems from mutations in genes involved in the production or distribution of melanin. Melanin is responsible for providing color and protection from the sun's harmful UV rays.
Here's a breakdown:
- Genetic Mutations: The root cause lies in inheriting mutated genes. These genes provide the instructions for producing proteins crucial for melanin synthesis or distribution.
- Melanin Production: Mutations often disrupt the function of tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for converting tyrosine into melanin.
- Inheritance Patterns: In most cases, albinism follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. This means a person must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to manifest the condition. If a person only inherits one copy, they are considered a carrier and usually do not exhibit symptoms.
In essence, albinism arises when genetic defects interfere with the body's ability to produce or effectively use melanin, resulting in reduced or absent pigmentation.
