DNA tests are read by comparing the genetic profiles of individuals. This process involves analyzing specific segments of DNA called loci, which are like markers on the genetic map. Each locus has two alleles, one inherited from each parent.
The results of a DNA test are typically presented in a report that includes:
- A table showing the alleles found at each locus for each individual tested.
- A probability of paternity, which is the likelihood that the alleged father is the biological father of the child. This value is often expressed as a percentage.
Here's how to read a DNA paternity test report:
- Compare the alleles. The alleles of the child should match one of the alleles of the alleged father at each locus. If there's a mismatch, the alleged father is not the biological father.
- Look for a high probability of paternity. A probability of paternity of 99.99% or higher is considered conclusive proof of paternity. A lower probability indicates that the alleged father is unlikely to be the biological father.
Other types of DNA tests, such as those for ancestry or health conditions, are read differently. These tests may involve looking for specific gene variants, or they may analyze a larger portion of the genome. The interpretation of these results depends on the specific test and the purpose for which it was ordered.
