Human skin color is a complex trait influenced by multiple genes. Researchers have identified over 150 genes that directly or indirectly contribute to skin pigmentation. These genes are involved in various processes, such as melanin production, transport, and distribution within the skin.
For instance, the SLC24A5 gene is associated with light skin color, while TYR, P, and MATP genes are involved in albinism, a condition characterized by a lack of pigment.
It's important to note that skin color is a continuous spectrum, and individuals with different combinations of these genes can have a wide range of skin tones.
While many genes influence skin color, the primary determinant is the amount and type of melanin produced by melanocytes. Melanin is a pigment that protects the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
