Dark DNA primarily functions to control gene expression by regulating when and where a gene is activated or deactivated.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
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Gene Regulation: Up to 20% of dark DNA regions play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. This means they influence which genes are turned on (expressed) or turned off (silenced) in a cell.
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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs): Dark DNA often contains the instructions for making non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These ncRNAs don't code for proteins, but they have other important jobs, including regulating gene expression.
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Mechanisms of Regulation: ncRNAs use various mechanisms to regulate gene expression. These mechanisms are still being actively researched, but the ultimate effect is to fine-tune the activity of genes.
In summary, dark DNA is not simply "junk." A significant portion of it is actively involved in the complex process of gene regulation, which is essential for proper cell function and development.
