DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the blueprint of life. Its primary function is to store and transmit genetic information that dictates an organism's development, functioning, and reproduction. This genetic information is encoded in the sequence of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The order of these bases determines the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.
Here are some key aspects of DNA's function:
- Protein synthesis: DNA acts as a template for the production of proteins, which are essential for carrying out various biological processes.
- Heredity: DNA is passed down from parents to offspring, ensuring the continuity of genetic traits.
- Cellular processes: DNA regulates cellular activities, including growth, division, and repair.
- Evolutionary adaptation: Changes in DNA sequences over generations drive evolution and adaptation to environmental changes.
DNA's complex structure and intricate functions are crucial for the existence and diversity of life on Earth.
