DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling are essentially the same thing: the process of determining an individual's unique DNA characteristics for identification.
While historically "DNA fingerprinting" was the earlier term and often associated with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and "DNA profiling" emerged with the advent of more modern techniques like Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis, today, the terms are largely interchangeable and refer to the same core concept of identifying individuals based on their DNA. There is no meaningful technical difference.
To clarify further:
- Historical Context: Initially, DNA fingerprinting (pioneered by Alec Jeffreys) involved analyzing longer, less defined DNA sequences cut by restriction enzymes (RFLPs). This produced a pattern resembling a barcode or fingerprint.
- Modern Techniques: DNA profiling now primarily uses STR analysis. STRs are shorter, highly variable DNA sequences that are amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), making the process faster, more sensitive (requiring less DNA), and more amenable to automation.
- Interchangeability: Despite the evolution in techniques, both terms describe the fundamental process of identifying individuals through unique DNA markers. DNA profiling is simply the more common and up-to-date term.
In practice, scientists, law enforcement, and legal professionals generally use "DNA profiling" more often because it reflects the advanced and precise methodologies used today. However, "DNA fingerprinting" remains a recognized term, especially when discussing historical cases or foundational research.
In summary, while "DNA fingerprinting" has historical roots in older techniques, it is now functionally synonymous with "DNA profiling," which encompasses current DNA identification methodologies.
