Albinism is a rare genetic condition caused by changes, or mutations, in specific genes that are responsible for producing melanin. Melanin is a pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. These mutations can occur in different genes, leading to various types of albinism.
Here are some of the genes associated with albinism:
- TYR: Mutations in this gene cause type 1 oculocutaneous albinism.
- OCA2: Mutations in this gene cause type 2 oculocutaneous albinism.
- TYRP1: Mutations in this gene cause type 3 oculocutaneous albinism.
- SLC45A2: Mutations in this gene cause type 4 oculocutaneous albinism.
The specific mutation in a gene determines the type of albinism and its severity. For example, people with type 1 albinism have a complete lack of melanin, while those with type 2 albinism have some melanin but still experience significant hypopigmentation.
It's important to note that albinism is an inherited condition. This means that a child inherits the mutated gene from one or both parents.
