GERD, or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, happens when stomach acid flows backward from your stomach into your esophagus (food pipe). This backflow irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn.
Understanding GERD
Here's a breakdown of the process:
- Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the bottom of your esophagus, closes after food passes into your stomach.
- In GERD, the LES weakens or relaxes inappropriately, allowing stomach acid to reflux into the esophagus.
- This reflux of gastric acid causes inflammation and irritation of the esophageal lining, leading to the characteristic symptoms of GERD.
Factors Contributing to GERD
Several lifestyle and dietary factors can increase the risk of developing GERD:
- Being Overweight: Excess weight puts pressure on the abdomen, which can force stomach acid into the esophagus.
- Overeating: Large meals can distend the stomach and increase the likelihood of acid reflux.
- Certain Foods and Drinks:
- Caffeine: Relaxes the LES.
- Alcohol: Irritates the esophageal lining and weakens the LES.
- Chocolate: Contains compounds that can relax the LES.
- Spicy Foods: Can irritate the esophageal lining.
Common Symptoms
The most common symptom of GERD is:
- Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after eating or at night.
