Ideally, glucose is administered intravenously after establishing proper vascular access. Here's a breakdown of the process:
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Establish IV Access: Secure intravenous access with a large-gauge cannula (e.g., 18G or 20G) placed in a large, easily accessible vein.
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Confirm Cannula Patency: Before administering glucose, flush the IV line with a bolus of approximately 20 mL of 0.9% normal saline to confirm the cannula is patent and freely flowing. This ensures the glucose will enter the bloodstream properly.
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Administer Glucose 10%: Using a 20 mL syringe, administer glucose 10% via the injection port of the IV line. The dose should be titrated to effect, meaning it's adjusted based on the patient's response and blood glucose levels. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is crucial during and after administration.
Why these steps are important:
- Large Vein & Cannula: Using a larger vein and cannula minimizes the risk of extravasation (leakage of fluid into surrounding tissues), which can be particularly problematic with glucose solutions.
- Confirming Patency: Ensuring the IV line is patent prevents the glucose from being administered outside the vein, which could cause local irritation or damage.
- Titration to Effect: Avoiding large, rapid boluses of glucose can prevent rapid shifts in blood glucose levels, which can be harmful, especially in patients with certain medical conditions.
Important Considerations:
- Medical Supervision: Glucose administration should always be performed under the supervision of qualified medical personnel.
- Patient Monitoring: Closely monitor the patient's vital signs, blood glucose levels, and overall condition during and after glucose administration.
- Alternative Routes: In situations where IV access is difficult or impossible, other routes of administration (e.g., intraosseous) may be considered. However, these routes should only be used by trained professionals.
