Gluten is bad for some people because it can trigger adverse reactions, primarily in those with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Who is Gluten Bad For?
Gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is harmful to individuals with specific conditions:
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Celiac Disease: This is an autoimmune disorder where gluten consumption triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine. This damage hinders nutrient absorption.
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Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): Also known as gluten intolerance, this condition causes gastrointestinal distress (e.g., bloating, abdominal pain) and other symptoms in people who don't have celiac disease but still react negatively to gluten.
How Gluten Affects These Conditions
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Celiac Disease: In individuals with celiac disease, gluten ingestion leads to inflammation and destruction of the villi lining the small intestine. Villi are responsible for absorbing nutrients, so their damage results in malabsorption, leading to various health problems like anemia, fatigue, and weight loss.
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Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: While the exact mechanisms are still being researched, gluten (and potentially other components in wheat) can cause inflammation and immune activation in the gut, resulting in symptoms similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Symptoms of Gluten Intolerance
The symptoms of gluten intolerance can vary widely but may include:
- Digestive issues (bloating, gas, diarrhea, constipation)
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Skin rashes
It's important to note that these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, so it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis.
Management
The primary treatment for both celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity is a strict gluten-free diet. This involves avoiding all foods and products containing wheat, barley, and rye.
