There are three types of non-finite verbs.
Non-finite verbs are verb forms that do not show tense, person, or number. Unlike finite verbs, which are conjugated and can stand alone as the main verb of a clause, non-finite verbs need auxiliary verbs or other elements to form a complete verb phrase. They function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs within a sentence.
Here's a breakdown of the three types:
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Infinitives: The base form of a verb, often preceded by "to" (e.g., to run, to eat, to sleep). They can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. For example: To err is human. (noun); I need a book to read. (adjective); He went to the store to buy milk. (adverb).
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Participles: These can be either present participles (ending in -ing) or past participles (often ending in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n or -ne). They function as adjectives or adverbs.
- Present Participles: Running water; The singing birds.
- Past Participles: Broken glass; A written letter.
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Gerunds: These are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns. For example: Swimming is my favorite sport; I enjoy reading.
In summary, while sentences using non-finite verbs can exist in various tenses (past, present, future) thanks to the associated finite verbs, the non-finite verb itself remains neutral and untensed. The classification hinges on function rather than tense indication.
