Following the fall of Granada in 1492, Muslims in Granada faced increasing pressure and ultimately were forced to convert to Christianity, become slaves, or be exiled.
Initially, the Treaty of Granada (1491) guaranteed religious freedom to the Muslim population. However, this treaty was gradually eroded.
Here's a breakdown of what happened:
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Initial Tolerance (1492-1499): For a few years after the conquest, Muslims were allowed to practice their faith, maintain their customs, and use their own laws. This was in accordance with the terms of the surrender.
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Increasing Restrictions (1499-1501): Cardinal Cisneros initiated a policy of forced conversions. This led to the First Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499-1500).
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Forced Conversion or Exile (1501): Following the rebellion, the Catholic Monarchs decreed that Muslims in Granada must convert to Christianity or leave the country. This effectively ended religious freedom for Muslims in Granada. Those who converted were known as Moriscos. Those who refused to convert faced enslavement or expulsion, although options for leaving were often extremely limited and dangerous.
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The Moriscos: While many Muslims outwardly converted, a significant number secretly continued to practice Islam. They faced persecution from the Inquisition and societal discrimination.
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Further Restrictions and Revolts: The Moriscos faced increasing restrictions on their language, customs, and dress. These oppressive policies led to the Second Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1568-1571).
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Expulsion of the Moriscos (1609-1614): Despite their conversion (albeit often forced and incomplete), the Moriscos were eventually expelled from Spain between 1609 and 1614.
In short, the Muslim population of Granada experienced a transition from guaranteed religious freedom to forced conversion, cultural suppression, and ultimately, expulsion for many. The promises made during the surrender of Granada were broken, leading to significant suffering and the eventual disappearance of a large Muslim community from the region.
