Yes, most chewing gum is made with a base that is essentially plastic. While traditional chewing gum was made from natural tree resins like chicle, a natural rubber, the majority of commercially available gum today uses synthetic polymers. These synthetic polymers are similar in their chemical makeup to plastics. This gives the gum its characteristic chewiness and durability. The gum base is then combined with flavorings, sweeteners, and colorings.
The Plastic-Based Gum Base
- The main component, the "gum base," is a synthetic polymer. This is often polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), similar in structure to the plastic in some glues and paints.
- This polymer is what makes chewing gum non-biodegradable and water-insoluble, meaning it does not easily break down in the environment or dissolve in your mouth.
- The non-digestible nature of the gum base is a key contributor to concerns over littering.
Alternatives to Plastic Gum
While most gum contains plastic-like polymers, there are alternatives available. Some companies produce chewing gum using natural ingredients such as:
- Vegetable glycerine
- Raw sugar
- Organic rice flour
- Natural flavorings
These natural gums are biodegradable, providing a more environmentally friendly alternative. However, they may have a slightly different texture and taste compared to traditional gum.
Misconceptions about Gum Composition
It's important to note that while the primary base of many chewing gums resembles plastic, it isn't necessarily identical to the plastics found in bottles or bags. The polymers used are food-grade, meaning they are safe for consumption (though not digestible), but the structural similarity to plastics is undeniable.
Conclusion
Chewing gum's primary ingredient, the gum base, is often a synthetic polymer similar in structure to plastic. This is what provides its chewiness and durability. While some eco-friendly alternatives exist, the vast majority of commercially available chewing gum contains a plastic-like base.
