What Causes Gingivitis?
Gingivitis, a common and mild form of gum disease, is primarily caused by plaque buildup on your teeth. Plaque is a sticky film composed of bacteria, food particles, and mucus.
The accumulation of plaque irritates the gums, leading to inflammation. This inflammation manifests as redness, swelling, and bleeding gums—the hallmark symptoms of gingivitis. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis.
Contributing Factors:
Several factors contribute to plaque buildup and, consequently, gingivitis:
- Poor oral hygiene: Insufficient brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during pregnancy, can increase susceptibility to gingivitis.
- Certain medications: Some medications can have a drying effect on the mouth, reducing saliva production and increasing plaque buildup.
- Systemic diseases: Conditions like diabetes can worsen gum health and increase the risk of gingivitis.
- Smoking: Smoking impairs the body's ability to fight infection, increasing vulnerability to gum disease.
- Genetics: A family history of gum disease may increase your risk.
The Progression from Plaque to Gingivitis:
- Plaque Formation: Bacteria colonize the teeth's surface, forming plaque.
- Gum Irritation: The toxins produced by the bacteria in plaque irritate the gum tissue.
- Inflammation: The gums become inflamed, resulting in redness, swelling, and bleeding.
- Gingivitis: The inflammatory response is now classified as gingivitis.
Preventing Gingivitis:
Practicing good oral hygiene is crucial to prevent gingivitis. This includes:
- Brushing your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste.
- Flossing daily to remove plaque between teeth.
- Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings.
