ANUG, or acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, is a severe gum infection. It's characterized by rapid tissue destruction, pain, and distinctive crater-like sores on the gums. This condition develops when the body's immune system is weakened, allowing an overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
Understanding ANUG
ANUG is not contagious; it's a result of an imbalance within the mouth, specifically involving the host's immune response and the oral microbiome. The key features include:
- Rapid Destruction: The gums deteriorate quickly.
- Severe Pain: The affected area is intensely painful.
- Crater-like Lesions: Noticeable punched-out, crater-shaped sores appear on the gum papillae (the gum tissue between teeth).
- Weakened Immune System: ANUG typically occurs when the immune system is compromised.
The reference material states that ANUG is "a rapidly destructive, non-communicable microbial disease of the gingiva in the context of an impaired host immune response". This highlights the importance of a healthy immune system in preventing this condition.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the exact causes aren't fully understood, contributing factors often include:
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Neglecting brushing and flossing allows bacterial buildup.
- Stress: Stress weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility.
- Poor Nutrition: Nutritional deficiencies can compromise immune function.
- Underlying Medical Conditions: Diseases affecting the immune system increase the risk.
- Smoking: Smoking further impairs the immune response and healing processes.
