Bleeding gums are most often a sign of gum disease, primarily caused by a buildup of plaque at the gum line. This plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, constantly forms around, on, and between teeth. If left unremoved, it hardens into tartar, exacerbating the problem.
Understanding the Root Cause: Plaque and Gum Disease
The primary culprit behind bleeding gums is the accumulation of plaque. This bacterial film irritates the gums, leading to inflammation—a condition known as gingivitis. Gingivitis is characterized by swollen, tender gums that bleed easily, especially during brushing or flossing.
- Plaque Buildup: Consistent and thorough oral hygiene is crucial to prevent plaque buildup. Neglecting this leads to inflammation and bleeding.
- Gingivitis Progression: Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. This advanced stage involves increased bleeding, potential bone loss, and even tooth loss.
- Tartar Formation: Plaque that's not removed hardens into tartar (calculus), a rough deposit that further irritates the gums and makes it harder to maintain oral hygiene.
Other Contributing Factors
While plaque buildup is the main cause, other factors can contribute to bleeding gums:
- Aggressive Brushing: Brushing too forcefully can damage gum tissue, leading to bleeding.
- Ill-Fitting Dentures: Dentures that don't fit properly can irritate the gums, causing inflammation and bleeding.
- Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy often leads to hormonal shifts that make gums more susceptible to inflammation and bleeding.
- Certain Medications: Some medications can increase the risk of gum bleeding as a side effect.
- Vitamin C Deficiency: A deficiency in Vitamin C can weaken blood vessels, potentially leading to gum bleeding.
When to See a Dentist
Regular dental checkups are crucial for early detection and treatment of gum disease. If your gums bleed frequently, or if you notice other symptoms like swollen gums, persistent bad breath, or loose teeth, consult a dentist immediately. Early intervention significantly improves the prognosis and prevents complications.
